A controversial surgical treatment for Alzheimer's disease has yielded modest cognitive improvements in a 100-patient study over six months, sparking debate over its long-term efficacy. Skeptics caution that the natural fluctuations of dementia and the temporary cognitive effects of anesthesia could be skewing these short-term results. Although some patients reportedly experienced dramatic reversals in symptoms, experts emphasize that more time and rigorous testing are needed to confirm lasting benefits.